Characteristics
Range in size from microscopic to single celled or
ganisms to large seaweed
Autotrophic
Form the reproductive structures – gametangia or gamete chambers
Aquatic and have flagella at some point in life
Often contain pyrenoids, organelles that synthesis and store starchSTRUCTURE[/center
• Thallus (haploid)
• Four types of algae
– Unicellular
– Colonial
– Filamentous
– multicellular
[center]CLASSIFICATION OF ALGAE
• SEVEN PHYLUM BASED ON
– COLOR
– TYPE OF CHLOROPHYLL
– FOOD-STORAGE SUBSTANCE
– CELL WALL COMPOSITIONREPRODUCTION
MOST REPRODUCE BOTH SEXUALLY AND ASEXUALLY
– Most sexual reproduction is triggered by environmental stress
– Asexual Reproduction
• Mitosis
– Sexual Reproduction
• Meiosis
• Zoospores
• Plus and minus gametes
• ZygosporeReproduction in Multicellular Algae
• Oedogonium reproduction
– Antheridium-release flagellated sperm that swim to the oogonium
– Oogonium-houses the zygote which is a diploid spore
• The spore undergoes meiosis and produces 4 haploid zoospores. One of the four cells becomes a rootlike holdfast the others divide and become a new filament.Ulva Reproduces by Alternation of Generations
• Two distinct multicellular phases- one is haploid and the other is diploid
– Gametophyte is haploid
– Sporophyte is diploidPhylum Chlorophyta
• Green algae
• 7000 diverse species
• Biologist reason that green algae give rise to land plants.
• Both green algae and land plants have chlorophyll a and B as well as carotenoids and store food as starch
• Both have walls made of cellulosePhylum Phaeophyta
• 1500 species of Brown algae
• Mostly marine and include seaweed and kelp
• All are multicellular and large (often reaching lengths of 147 feet)
• Individual alga may grow to a length of 100m with a holdfast, stipe and blade
• Used in cosmetics and most ice creamsPhylum Rhodophyta
• 4000 species of RED Algae
• Most are marine
• Smaller than brown algae and are often found at a depth of 200 meters.
• Contain chlorophyll a and C as well as phycobilins which are important in absorbing light that can penetrate deep into the water
• Have cells coated in carageenan which is used in cosmetics, gelatin capsules and some cheesesPhylum Euglenophyta
• 1000 species of Euglenoids
• Have both plantlike and animal-like characteristics
• Fresh water
إسلام صلاح(المزارى)
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